Wierzbicki H. – Genetic
background of the colour types in Silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Arctic
fox (Alopex lagopus)
Prace i Materiały Zootechniczne 53, 1998, 35-47.
Abstract
Reviewed are results of numerous studies and theoretical considerations
leading to explain the rules of coat colour inheritance in Silver fox (Vulpes
vulpes) and Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus). Although population genetics and
molecular biology methods have been used and theory about homology of loci
for coat colour genes between species has been involved, complex models
of coat colour inheritance in both fox species have not yet been definitely
developed.
Wierzbicki H., Filistowicz A.
– Genetic determination of colour type, conformation and furcoat characteristics
in Arctic fox
Fur Animals Production and Breeding. Applied Science Reports
42, 1999, 11-19.
Abstract
The investigation aimed at assessing to what extent the observed phenotypic
variability of conformation characteristics reflects the genetic variability
in the investigated population of Arctic fox and determination of coefficients
of genetic and phenotypic correlation between the conformation and furcoat
traits. Moreover, a frequency of various colour types in cubs resulting
from parents of a defined coat colour shade was calculated.
Wierzbicki H. – Inheritance
of blue coat colour intensity and genetic parameters of skin size and quality
in Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus).
Zeszyty Naukowe AR we Wrocławiu, 1999 (in press).
Abstract
The aim of the study was the attempt of determination of principles of
blue coat colour intensity inheritance in Arctic foxes. Moreover, genetic
parameters (coefficients of heritability, phenotypic, genetic and environmental
correlations) of skin characteristics affecting its price at the auction-house
were estimated. The animals taken for the study consisted of 1553 foxes
bred on the ¦niaty Fox Farm in the years 1997-1998. Genetic parameters
were estimated with the use of REML method. Analysis of coat colour intensity
among parents and progeny was performed in order to explain the rules of
inheritance of fur coloration. The results obtained suggest that coat colour
intensity is determined by polygenes and is inherited like a quantitative
character. The genetic parameters of the skin traits indicate that effective
breeding programmes basing on population genetic variability and correlations
between skin traits can be applied.
Joanna SZYDA 1 , Zengting LIU 2 - Modelling
test day data from dairy cattle
1 Department of Animal Genetics, Agricultural University of Wroc!aw,
Wroc!aw, Poland
2 Biometrical Unit, United Datasystems for Animal Production (VIT),
Verden, Germany
Abstract
Four statistical models for genetic evaluations utilising dairy test day
data are considered. These are: a fixed regression model, a random regression
model, an autoregressive model and a multiple trait model. The emphasis
is put on the comparison of these models in terms of their assumed covariance
structure, modelling and prediction of breeding values and parameterisation.
In the future one of the models should be used for a routine genetic evaluation
of the Polish Black-and-White dairy cattle.
Therefore, characteristics of test day data from the Polish population
are given. In conclusion, it appears that thanks to its flexibility in
handling heterogeneous variances during lactation, variable autocorrelation,
and nonuniform spacing between tests, random regression model forms the
most suitable approach.
Key-words: dairy cattle, genetic evaluation, statistical modelling
, test day data
*Modelling
test day data from dairy cattle.PDF*
Joanna SZYDA 1,2 , Zengting LIU 3 , Volker
WILD 4 - Properties of the transmission-disequilibrium test for
the detection of quantitative trait loci in livestock
1 Department of Animal Genetics, Agricultural University of Wroc!aw,
Wroc!aw, Poland
2 Department of Epidemiology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute,
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
3 Biometrical Unit, United Datasystems for Animal Production (VIT),
Verden, Germany
4 Animal Genetics Group, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal
Breeding, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Abstract
The transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT) is a model-free method to detect
linkage
between a marker and a trait locus. Originally developed to map disease
genes in human genetics, this statistic has been recently extended to deal
with quantitative characters. The emphasis of current research is on investigating
statistical properties of the test applied to data from livestock populations.
For various constellations of sample parameters, it is shown via simulation
that the empirically derived null hypothesis distribution of TDT remains
in good agreement with its asymptotic distribution while its power is satisfactory
only for very close linkage. TDT is then applied to a real data set from
milk production data of a dairy cattle population.
Key words: dairy cattle, model-free methods, QTL detection, transmission-disequilibrium
test
**Properties
of the transmission-disequilibrium test for the detection of quantitative
trait loci in livestock. pdf**
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 8
Supl. II (1999) Conference Proceedings, 117-121
Preventing Overaccumulation of Lead, Cadmium, Arsine, Copper and
Zinc in Cows Kept in Polluted Environment
J. Monkiewicz, J. Förster, H. Geringer, J. Napierała,
Z. Jopek, E. Kucharczak, K. Bas
Abstract
A mineral-vitamin formula, the task of which was to decrease the absorption
of heavy metals from steelworks emissions, was created basing on the phenomenon
of antagonism between elements. The formula was administered to cows daily
in the amount of 100 g in the period of 3 years and concentration of Pb,
Cd, As, Cu and Zn was examined in blood and milk coming from experiment
and control group; after slaughtering it was examined in muscles, livers,
kidneys and udders. Long-lasting supplementation caused a significant decrease
of Pb concentration in blood, milk, muscles and livers of the cows and
a decrease of As in muscles. A positive downward tendency of Cd content
was observed in blood, milk, muscles and livers of experiment group. An
improvement of health and fertility nf the cows was also noted. The research
has unambiguously confirmed a positive effect of the formula.
Keywords: antagonism, heavy metals, caws, blood, milk, muscles, livers,
kidneys
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 8
Supl II (1999) Conference Proceedings 132-137
Contents of Selected Metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cr) in the Organs
of Wild Rats
Z. Jopek, E. Kucharczak, S. Klimentowski, J.
Monkiewicz, M. Szarycz
Abstract
Contents of the metals: lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, molybdenum and
chromium, were determined in the parenchymatous organs and muscles of wild
rats. The rats were caught in municipal sewers, poultry farms and piggeries
as well as abattoirs during two seasons of the study: winter (Wi) and summer
(Su). Laboratory rats were used as control. The organs and muscles taken
were mineralized dry and the metal contents determined by the spectrophotometry
method on an ICP device. Results of the metal contents in the tissues of
wild rats indicate high pollution of the environment with these elements.
The relationship between the place of origin of the rats, the season, and
the concentration of these metals in the organs examined was also shown.
Keywords: Wild rats, urban agglomeration, animal farms, tissues,
metals.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 8 Supl
II (1999) Conference Proceedings , 209-213
Environmental Exposure to Lead, Zinc and Copper Versus Alad Activity
in the Blood of Wild Rats
E. Kucharczak, Z. Jopek, S. Klimentowski , J.
Monkiewicz , M. Szarycz
Abstract
Studies were performed nn the activity of porphobilinogen synthase (ALAD)
in the blood of rats living wild. After euthanasia of the rats, the liver
and kidneys were taken where, after dry mineralization, the contents of
lead, zinc and copper were determined by the spectrophotometry method on
an ICP device. Rats caught in the municipal sewers of Wrocław, industrial
poultry farms and piggeries as well as abattoirs, were subjected to the
studies. Laboratory rats were used as control. Results of the investigations
suggest that it is not the level of lead alone that affects change of ALAD
activity in environmental exposure. A large part is played by zinc which,
is its antagonist and activator of porphobilinogen synthese. Decreasing
influence of copper on the :activity of ALAD, which becomes evident, first
of all, in the absence of competitive zinc, was also shown.
Keywords: Wild rats, blood, porphobilinogen synthese (ALAD),
tissues, lead, zinc and copper
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 8 Supl
II (1999) Conference Proceedings , 218-221
Study on Mutagenesis of Feed and Animal Products Comming from Highly
Polluted Areas
H. Geringer, J. Monkiewicz, W. Duroszkiewicz,
I. Kaczkowska A. Cywińska
Abstract
The results of investigations concem thc contents of five heavy metals
(lead, copper, zinc, cadmium and arsenic) in samples of muscle, udder,
liver and kidney of 8 cows raised in Legnica Głogów Copper District. The
same samples of feed (green grass, straw, hay, ensilage) and milk were
analysed. Mutagenicity of the samples were determined using a plate incorporation
test with four test Strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2.
Keywords: cattle, heavy metals, plate incorporation test.
Journal of Applied Genetics 40(3), 1999, 211-217
Genetic parameters of conformation and coat traits in fox (Vulpes
vulpes) population
Filistowicz A., Wierzbicki H., Zwolińska-Bartczak
I., Żuk B.
Summary
The aim of this paper was to estimate heritabilities and genetic, environmental
and phenotypic correlations between conformation and coat traits of animals,
and to determine on this basis the further direction of fox breeding improvement.
2072 individuals were studied. The model included a fixed effect of birth
year of individuals and random effects of sire and dam mated in the given
year with a given sire. Probit transformation was used because conformation
and coat traits are evaluated on a discrete scale and they distribution
strongly differes from the normal distribution. The obtained heritabilities
of conformation traits show that selection on total conformation evaluation,
hair length and general appearance of the animal should be characterised
by a rather high effectiveness. Selection on body size and colour type
of coat is the least promising. Genetic correletions between evaluation
of total conformation and the other traits show that selection of this
trait should improve (correlated response) all the other traits except
body size and colour type. Body size is positively and relatively highly
correlated genetically with the amount of silver and hair length, so inclusion
of these traits, beside total conformation evaluation, can ensure indirect
improvement of animal body size.
Prace i Materiały Zootechniczne 55, 1999, 7-15.
Welfare of carnivorous furbearing animals and the future of
their farm breeding and production – a review
Filistowicz A., Wierzbicki H., Zaj±czkowska
A.
Summary
Most farm animals are domesticated, while carnivorous furbearing species
– arctic fox, silver fox and mink are classified as not yet domesticated.
In contact with humans their wild behaviour is clearly seen in their psychical
and physical activities. Thus, appropriate maintenance conditions (farm
environment) for animals kept in captivity should be provided. The maintenance
strategy for carnivorous fur animals has been worked out as a result of
many years of investigations. The programme is devided into two parts –
improvement of cage-keeping conditions and reduction of stress during contact
with humans.
Irena Zwolińska-Bartczak, Edward Pawlina, Bolesław
Żuk, Wojciech Kruszyński-
Analysis of lifespan and production life as well as lifetime
yield of daughters of Red-White high yielding dams
Zeszyty Naukowe Przegl±du Hodowlanego 40, 1999, 115-124
Summary
Milk yield records of 12586 daughter-dam pairs of Red-White
cows used over the 1975-1993 years, in South-West part of Poland
(Wrocław and Opole region) were analysed. Dams were classified into two
groups : 1) with high yield and 2) remaining. The division was based on
their first lactation milk yield. The following traits were examined:
lactation number, number of calves, lifespan, lifetime production
, milk and fat yield per life day and per production day and reason of
culling.
Daughters of high yielding dams achieved in both regions a significantly
higher milk and fat yield per production day than those from remaining
dams. In Opole region daughters of these dams reached also higher milk
and fat lifetime yields as well as milk and fat yield per life day.
In Wrocław region daughters of dams with high yield lived and produced
for a shorter period than daughters of remaining dams. In culling
reasons no significant differences between compared groups of daughters
were observed.
I. Zwolińska-Bartczak, B. Żuk, E. Pawlina -
Analysis
of milk characteristics of cows and their daughters
Czech Journal of Animal Science, 44, 1999, 385-388
Abstract
Milk yields of 43 419 Black-White and 20 995 Red-White cows and
their daughters used in 1978-1993 in South-West region of Poland were analysed.
Breeding values of all animals were estimated by BLUP (Animal Model). The
data was preadjusted for age and season of calving. Cows-dams were classified
to a group of cows with high performance by two ways: 1. cows recorded
in High Performance Register, 2. cows exceeded an assumed production
level (?x +1.96s, 1.64s or 1.28s, respectively). Breeding values of classified
dams were higher than of remaining dams. Similarly, daughters of
these dams had higher breeding values than daughters of remaining dams.
Greater differences were observed in Black-White breed. Generally, differences
of breeding value in dam group were higher than in daughter group
Małgorzata Tokarska,
Dorota SZUMSKA, Tadeusz DOBOSZ
RT-PCR – based identification of genetic variants of alpha S1 casein
in milking goats
Journal of Applied Genetics, 40 (4), 1999, 335-342
Abstract
Genetic variants of a S1 casein gene in goats
determine different casein and protein content in milk, variant milk processing
quality and cheese flavour. Main 7 alleles of a
S1 casein belong to 4 groups: strong alleles, which code high a
S1 content (3,6 g/l), medium alleles (1,6 g/l), weak alleles (0,6 g/l)
and allele 0 (complete lack of a S1 casein).
Original method was designed, based on PCR with three specific primers
and mRNA isolated from milk somatic cells. The length of PCR products varied
due to differences between alleles on cDNA level, since allele F has 111
nt deletion of 9-11 exons, allele D is associated with deletion of 36 nt
(exon 9), allele E includes 457 nt retropozon insertion in 19th
exon.
Forty nine goats, coming from 4 different farms were genotyped. Each
of the analysed goats is the carrier of at least one ‘strong’ allele, which
codes beneficial, high level of a S1 casein.
Key words: a S1 casein, goats, alleles, PCR,
cDNA, mRNA milk.
Title 
J.
Monkiewicz, J. Förster, H. Geringer, J. Napierała, Z. Jopek, E.
Kucharczak, K. Bas
